Fundamental analysis, in short, is referring to the dynamic studies of distinct plans, erratic behaviors and unforeseen events that influence the economic of certain entity.

The focus of fundamental analysis mainly lies on the political, social, and economic force that drives the supply/demand trends the currency. Government policies, bank policies, natural disasters, social stability, overall economic trends are some of the major factors that draw a fundamentalist’s attention.

Fundamental analysis comes very handy in making mid-long term invesment decisions. However as the analysis method is mainly focus on the major thing, it will not be a good tool for Forex day traders.

It is easy to understand that fundamental skills are useful in forecatsing currency overall trends but in term of detailing job, technical analysis seems to be more appropriate.

Economy Indicators

Fundamental analysis involve a lot of analysis on the macroeconomic situation.

Thus, economy indicators of the country such as GDP growth rates, unemployment rates, retail sales, and interest rate are used heavily in when valuating a country’s currency. Some of the frequent used economy indicators in Forex trading are as below (Click in each for detail explanations):

• The Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• Retail Sales
• Interest Rates
• Unemployment Rate

Besides those listed above, other fundamental factors used to analysis the currency strength include Industrial Production Reports, Consumer Price Index (CPI), Manufacturing PMI-ISM, and Manufacturing Production. We will cover each of these indicators from time to time.

How are indicators used in Forex fundamentals trading?

A country’s economic situation refelects directly onto the currecny trading world. Hence, it is important for a Forex traders to keep an close eye on the financial clalender release by it country itself or private sectors. It is important to keep in mind, however, that the indicators discussed above are not the only things that affect a currency’s price. There are third-party reports, technical factors, and many other things that also can drastically affect a currency’s valuation.

Also, it is recommended to study the fundamental aspects of several country whenever trading in the forex market. For those countries that have strong political/economical connection, currencies value flux hand-in-hand. Thus researching a few countru in a trade is necessary.

Some useful tips when implementing fundamentals analysis in Forex trading are:*

• Economic calendar: When and where. Currency values response sharply to certain release of economy indicators. Keep an close eyes on the currency price trend whenver there is a release on related economy indicators.
• Be informed about the economic indicators that are capturing most of the market’s attention at any given time. Such indicators are catalysts for the largest price and volume movements. For example, when the U.S. dollar is weak, inflation is often one of the most watched indicators.
• Know the market expectations for the data, and then pay attention to whether or not the expectations are met. That is far more important than the data itself. Occasionally, there is a drastic difference between the expectations and actual results and, if there is, be aware of the possible justifications for this difference.

*References from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/04/031704.asp

From Fundamentals to Technicals in FX Market

Pure fundamental trading is very problematics. Without a doubt the analysis is very effective in predicting the overall economic condition and the market behavior.

It gives clear picture on general economy health of certain entity (a country in case of Forex) and shows how economy situation become what it is now as well as predicting the overall economic growth trend in the future.

However, information obtained thru fundamental studies often fails to signify short term fluctuation in Forex market. Thus, it is wise to apply precise techniques to convert fundamental study’s results into accurate entry/exit price indicators.

This will then bring us to the topic of Technical Analysis in Forex trading.

The most traded currency in Forex market (the major seven) are United States dollar, Eurozone Euro , Japanese Yen , British Pound Sterling, Swiss Franc, Australian dollar , and Canadian Dollars.

Forex market is much USD-centered, where United States currency is involved in more than 80% of the trades. Major traded pairs in FX market are EUR/USD, which yields 28% from total trades. USD/JPY and GBP/USD come second and third, with take up 17% and 14% from the global forex trading respectively.

United States Dollar (USD)

The U.S. dollar uses the decimal system, consisting of 100 (equal) cents (symbol ¢).

In another division, there are 1,000 mills or ten dimes to a dollar; additionally, the term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. In the second half of the 19th century there were occasional discussions of creating a $50 gold coin, which was referred to as a “Half Union,” thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.

However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; “dime” is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10¢, while “eagle” and “mill” are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies and gasoline prices.

When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). (Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common.)

In the past, paper money was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of 20 dollars.

More details on USD at Wikipedia.

Pound Sterling (GBP)

The pound (symbol: £; ISO code: GBP), divided into 100 pence, is the official currency of the United Kingdom and the Crown dependencies.

The slang term “quid” is commonly used in place of “pound(s)”. The official full name pound sterling (plural: pounds sterling) is used mainly in formal contexts and also when it is necessary to distinguish the currency used within the United Kingdom from others that have the same name.

The currency name — but not the names of its units — is sometimes abbreviated to just “sterling”, particularly in the wholesale financial markets; so “payment accepted in sterling”, but never “that costs five sterling”. The abbreviations “ster.” or “stg.” are sometimes used. The term British pound is commonly used in less formal contexts, although it is not an official name of the currency.

The pound was originally the value of one pound Tower weight of sterling silver (hence “pound sterling”). The currency sign is the pound sign, originally ₤ with two cross-bars, then later more commonly £ with a single cross-bar. The pound sign derives from the black-letter “L”, from the abbreviation LSD – librae, solidi, denarii – used for the pounds, shillings and pence of the original duodecimal currency system. Libra was the basic Roman unit of weight, which in turn derived from the Latin word for scales or balance.

The ISO 4217 currency code is GBP (Great Britain pound). Occasionally the abbreviation UKP is seen, but this is incorrect. The Crown dependencies use their own (non-ISO) codes. Stocks are often traded in pence, so traders may refer to Pence sterling, GBX (sometimes GBp), when listing stock prices.

More details on GBP at Wikipedia.

Euro (EUR)

The euro (currency sign: €; banking code: EUR) is the official currency of the Eurozone (also known as the Euro Area), which consists of the European states of Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain, and will extend to include Cyprus and Malta from 1 January 2008.

It is the single currency for more than 317 million Europeans. Including areas using currencies pegged to the euro, the euro directly affects more than 480 million people worldwide.

With more than €610 billion in circulation as of December 2006 (equivalent to US$802 billion at the exchange rates at the time), the euro surpasses the U.S. dollar in terms of combined value of cash in circulation.

While all European Union (EU) member states are eligible to join if they comply with certain monetary requirements, not all EU members have chosen to adopt the currency. All nations that have joined the EU since the 1993 implementation of the Maastricht Treaty have pledged to adopt the euro in due course. Maastricht obliged current members to join the euro; however, the United Kingdom and Denmark negotiated exemptions from that requirement for themselves. Sweden turned down the euro in a 2003 referendum, and has circumvented the requirement to join the euro area by not meeting the membership criteria.

Several small European states (The Vatican, Monaco, and San Marino), although not EU members, have adopted the euro due to currency unions with member states. Andorra, Montenegro, and Kosovo have adopted the euro unilaterally.

More details on EUR at Wikipedia.

Japanese Yen (JPY)

The yen or en is the currency of Japan. It is also widely used as a reserve currency after the United States dollar, the euro and the pound sterling. The ISO 4217 codes for the yen are JPY and 392. The Latinised symbol is ¥ while in Japanese it is also written with the kanji 円.

While not a usage specific to currency, large quantities of yen are often counted in multiples of 10,000 in the same way as values in the United States are often quoted or rounded off to hundreds or thousands.

The yen was introduced by the Meiji government in 1870 as a system resembling those in Europe. The yen replaced the complex monetary system of the Edo period, based The New Currency Act of 1871 stipulated the adoption of the decimal accounting system of yen, sen, and rin, with the coins being round and cast as in the West.

The yen was legally defined as 0.78 troy ounces (24.26 g) of pure silver, or 1.5 grams of pure gold. The same amount of silver is worth about 1181 modern yen while the same amount of gold is worth about 3572 yen. The Act also moved Japan onto the gold standard. (The sen and the rin were eventually taken out of circulation at the end of 1953.)

More details on JPY at Wikipedia.

Knowing the Currency Symbol

When starting in Forex trading, it would be wise to start trading with the major seven. It is also recommended to start with your own country currency if you are living in one of the major seven country as you are in a better position to judge the value of the currency.

You should be aware that currencies are normally stated in a three-alphabate symbol in FX market.

For the major seven, currency symbol are as below:

Forex currency symbols are always three letters, where the first two letters identify the name of the country and the third letter identifies the name of that country’s currency.

These symbols and names are set according to ISO4217 standard. For more information on world currency symbols and numeric codes, visit official website of ISO-4217 Standard.

Moving on, we will talk about risks management in Forex trading. As in any trade market, Fundamental and Technical analysis techniques are used in Forex trading.

Margin trading refers to the leverage amount given to the traders to trade in the market.

One of the best features in Forex trading is that traders are able to trade foreign currencies with high margin.

You get 1:1 margin for stock exchanges, 2:1 margin for equity trading, 15:1 margin for futures market; but in Forex, normal trade margins are 100:1 and 150:1, or even 200:1 trade margins.

Typically the broker will require a minimum account size, also known as account margin or initial margin. Once you have deposited your money you will then be able to trade. The broker will also specify how much they require per position (lot) traded.

For example, for every $1,000 you have, you can trade 1 lot of $100,000. So if you have $5,000 they may allow you to trade up to $500,000 of Forex.

The minimum security (margin) for each lot will vary from broker to broker. In the example above, the broker required a one percent margin. This means that for every $100,000 traded, the broker wants $1,000 as a deposit on the position.

Trading Forex in huge margin with allows traders to control a large sum of money with little cash put on the tables. This in turns magnify the ROI dramatically.

Margin Trades and ROI in Forex

Example below shows how margin tradings in Forex can magnify your investment ROI.

Taking $1,000 in a 100:1 margin account as example, you are now granted the purchase power of $100,000.

Say that you execute the trade between USD/JPY: Long Japanese Yen in USD/JPY 109.2 (meaning buying 109.2 Yens with 1 USD) and short JPY at the price of USD/JPY 109.0.

Trading without margin

If you are trading without margin, you have only $1,000 of buying power. The the max you can go is buying (1000 x 109.2) Yens = 109,200 Yens.

Later when you sell off your Japanese Yen in higher price (USD/JPY 109.0), the returns you are getting back is $1001.8.

Profit made in the trade: $1.8
ROI of the trade: 1.8/1000 x 100% = 0.18%

Trading with margin

Now in case you are trading with margin of 100:1, the calculation of the trade will be giving you a total different picture:

Buying Japanese Yen when USD/JPY 109.2:

Long Japanese Yen = (100 x 1000 x 109.2) Yens = 10,920,000 Yens;
Short USD $100,000.Selling of Japanese Yen when USD/JPY 109.0:

Short Japanese Yen = 10,920,000; Long USD = (10,920,000 / 109) = $100,183.5.

Profit made in the trade: $183.5.
ROI of the trade: 183.5/1000 x 100% = 18.35%

Trading Margin vs Return of Investment: A Quick View

Managing a Margin Forex Account

Although the example given is much simpler than what’s happening in real market situation.

But it cleary illustrates that trading in can easily magnify trade’s ROI in a dramatic way. Although trading on margin sounds extremely easy to gain profits, but it is important that traders understand well the risks they are undertaking.

Traders should be very aware of the margin call and should always avoid them at all cost. Note that in the event that money in your account falls below predetermined threshold (Margin Call), the positions in the account could be partially or totally liquidated, even it’s in a highly volatile, fast moving market. Also, traders should always monitor own margin balance on a regular basis and utilize stop-loss orders on every open position to limit downside risk.

In most cases, you might need a computer aided trading tools to determine the entry point as well as stop loss order.

Trading tools DashBoard FX is currently pushing out tons of useful features in their software and they provide free tipping service from time to time - perhaps you should take a look on them. Visit DashBoard FX official website.

Moving on: Major currency traded in Forex market

Next, we will learn about the major currency traded in Forex market.

Reading Forex quotes is easy although it looks a bit confusing at the beginning.

Quoting Foreign Currency

Currencies are always quoted in pairs. Each pair of currencies thus constitutes an individual product and is traditionally noted XXX/YYY, where YYY is the ISO 4217 international three-letter code of the currency into which the price of one unit of XXX currency is expressed.

The first currency in the quotes act as the ‘base currency’.

For example USD/JPY, EUR/GBP, and GBP/AUD, in such cases, USD, Euro Dollar, and Britain Pound are acting as the base currency. Base currency in a Forex quote will always has a value of 1. USD/JPY indicates how much Japanese Yens you can buy with 1 United States Dollar; similarly EUR/GBP indicates the exchange rate of Great Britain Pound with 1 Euro Dollar.

FX Quoting: Bid/Ask and Spread

There are sometimes that you can only see one price but often currency exchange price are display in pairs with ‘bid price and ask price’.

For example EUR/USD 1.2385/1.2390, 1.2385 is known as the bidding price, while 1.2390 is the asking price. Bidding price is the price that you sell the base currency (EUR in our case here); asking price is the price that you buy the base currency. The different of the bidding and the asking price is called ’spread’.

You might notice that bidding price is always lower than the asking price. Ever wonder why? The different of the bid-ask price (socall ’spread’) is how currency brokers make profits without charging commissions to their clients (sell high and buy low in the same time.)

What’s a pip?

A pip is the smallest value in a Forex quote. Take our example earlier on EUR/USD. If the exchange rate goes from 1.2385 to 1.2386; that’s one pip. In mathematical definition, a pip means the last decimal place of a quotation.

Note that as each currency has its own value, the value of a pip is different from one another. Say USD/JPY rate at 120.75, a pip would be 0.01 (the second decimal place); while for EUR/USD 1.2385, a pip would be 0.0001 (the fourth decimal place).

Example of Forex Quotes

Confused about the quotes? Don’t worry too much about it, you’ll get used to them as soon as you move on and start your trades.

For the beginners, here are some quick examples. Try not look at the answer and determine the value of bid price, ask price, spread value, and the pip value.

EUR/USD 1.2385/1.2390

• Base currency= Eur
• Bid price= 1.2385; Ask price= 1.2390
• When selling Euros, 1 Euro = USD$1.2385; when buying Euros, USD$1.2390 = 1 Euro.
• Spread = | 1.2385 - 1.2390 | = 0.0005
• Pip value= 0.0001

EUR/JPY 127.95/128.00

• Base currency= Eur
• Bid price= 127.95; Ask price= 128.00
• When selling Euros, 1 Euro = JPY127.95; when buying Euros, JPY128.00 = 1 Euro.
• Spread = | 127.95 - 128.00 | = 0.05
• Pip value= 0.01

GBP/USD 1.7400/10

• Base currency= GBP
• Bid price= 1.7400; Ask price= 1.7410
• When selling Pound, 1 Pound = USD$1.7400; when buying Pound, USD$1.7410 = 1 Pound.
• Spread = | 1.7400 - 1.7410 | = 0.001
• Pip value= 0.0001

USD/JPY 119.8

• Base currency= USD
• No bid-ask price is displayed, spread value not available.
• Pip value= 0.1

Getting used to the quotes now? Well, don’t feel down if you’re still slow… you’ll be picking up on reading them as you move along.

Moving forward, we will take a look on Margin Trading in Forex market.

Why trade Forex instead of stocks, futures, commodities, or options? Why more and more people nowadays started trading Forex at home? Perhaps the list of advantages in Forex trading has the answer.

In this chapter of Forex 101 Classroom, we will take a look on advantages in Forex trading.

Advantages in Forex currency trading

Equal Prospective in Rising or Falling Market Trend

There is no structural bias to the market and there are no restrictions on short selling in FX market. Trading in Forex gives you an equal prospective in rising and falling market.

As trades are always done in pair of currency pairs, Forex traders can always find chance to make money in anytime, regardless on the fall or rise period of one single country currency.

Trade Forex 24 hours a day

Forex market never sleeps. In Forex trading, you do not need to wait the market to open, you can always response to world latest movement and news immediately.

Every Sunday 5.00pm in New York, Forex market starts its week from Sydney, followed by Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong, London, and New York. In Forex tradng, you can always response to the market trend a lot faster than in any other trading market.

Also, with the flexibility of Forex market trading time, you can work on your trade in Forex during your free time. This means you can start small and work as part time trader before going full time on FX trading.

High Leverage Margin

Forex brokers offer trade margin of 50, 100, 150, or even 200 to 1 of trade margin.

Forex traders often find themselves controlling a huge sum of money with little cash outlay on the table. For example, a $1,000 in a 150:1 Forex account will gives you the purchase power of $150,000 in the currency market.

While certainly not for everyone, the substantial leverage available from online currency trading firms is a powerful, moneymaking tool. Rather than merely loading up on risk as many people incorrectly assume, leverage is essential in the Forex market.

This is because the average daily percentage move of a major currency is less than 1%, whereas a stock can easily have a 10% price move on any given day.

Table below demostrate how a high trading margin can impact on the trades ROI.

Trade Forex anywhere from the world virtually

A computer with Internet connection plus an active Forex account are sufficient for you to execute a trade in Forex market.

Professional Forex traders have the privilege to travel around the world but yet still connected to the market anytime, anywhere. The freedom of this is something you could not get else where by being an employee of a cooperation.

High Liquidity Market

Turnover value in Forex is $1.9 trillion per day. It is the largest trade market in the world and the liquidity of the market is huge. Traders can easily cash in or cash out their capital in Forex market.

Learning and Investing in Forex trading

Wrapping things up, we believe that Forex trading give a whole new option to individual traders to success financially. Learning Forex and listing Forex trading into one of your financial plans is a must.

This lead us to our next chapter, which is about reading and understanding Forex quotes.

you wanna make some bucks via Forex trading. Before you read further, let us warn you that 7 out of 10 traders keep losing money in Forex market; while the rest of the 30% work freely at home and earn millions annually.

What makes the difference is that the top 30% are either those with insider news, or those with skills and knowledge.

It is no secret that the foreign currency exchange (FOREX) market is a market full with crocodiles that you will lose your hard-earned money in a fraction of second. Yes, that’s right! If you wanna make money in Forex trading, you either have to build up the network with so-call insiders (which seems a wasteful of time and energy to us); or, educate yourself well enough.

If you ever wish to get into this trading game, you better LEARN Forex trading before you start trading Forex. Forex market is definitely not a game for newbie and you need to brush up your skills before getting your hands wet.

A very brief intro on Forex trading

Foreign currency exchange (Forex) market is the largest trading market in the world. It yields an average turnover of $1.9 trillion daily. The figure is nearly 30 times larger than the total volume of equity trades in United States.

Forex is a very unique market.

Trades are always done in pairs, traders are basically buying and selling money in the same time. Beside of trading in pairs, Forex is also very special as it has no centralized trade location and trades are done around the clock.

Unlike any other financial market, investors can respond to money-value fluctuations caused by economic, social and political events at the time they occur - day or night.

Now you’ve briefly know what’s Forex trading, next we’ll look at the advantages of FX (why we FX is good financial vehicle to fetch you) as well as how to read Forex bid/ask quotes.